have/ has + V3
When do we use Present Perfect?
RELATION TO THE PRESENT
To express an action or state that happened in the past but relates or is relevant to the present.
It doesn’t matter when it occurred.
Signal Words of Present Perfect
yet, already, so far, till now, twice, several times, ever, never, just, recently, lately, since, for.
EXAMPLES OF USES
- puts an emphasis דגש on the result, achievement, or the experience
She has written five letters.
Today, a film first appears at the cinema. After people have seen it, a video is produced.
- unfinished actions or states: actions or states that began in the past and continue in the present.
School has not started yet.
I’ve been at this school since 1996
I’ve been at this school since since I was a child.
I have lived here for 20 years.
- action that happened recently
She has cooked dinner;
I have spoken to him this week;
The company has received many complaints recently.
He hasn’t written to us lately.
- finished action that has an influence on the present
I have lost my wallet.
He has broken his leg (I can see the plaster).
- action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Have you ever been to Australia? – I have never been to Australia.
This is the first time he has (ever) been to Paris.
This library book has been taken out many times.
- to present news, or make announcements, but if we continue to discuss the issue we usually change to the past simple.
The criminals have been caught by the police.
The UN Has Declared a Global State of Emergency.
